The first Roma arrived in the Balkans in the middle of the 11th century, when they left Armenia and went to Anatolia, then to Greece and further north.
Later in the 14th century, towards the middle of the 14th century, archival materials for the Roma were found in both Zagreb and Ljubljana. A larger group of Roma arrived in the territory of present-day Serbia during the reign of King Stefan Decanski, while his son Stefan Dusan (1348) passed a special tax law for Roma who were engaged in blacksmithing. The Roma before the Ottomans were in large numbers on the territory of the Balkan Peninsula, and this is confirmed by the fact that there was a mass appearance of Slavic names among the Roma in the first half of the 16th century. During the Ottoman Empire, the Roma had their own territory - Sandzak, better known as the Roma Sandzak, first in Anadolia, and then in the Balkans. At the time of their arrival in the Balkans, the Roma belonged to the group of the Christian religion, and with the arrival of the Turks, they converted to Islam en masse. At the beginning of the 16th century (1522) the first census was made where the Roma in Rumelia concluded that in that period the Roma lived on the territory of present-day Serbia in the region of Resava, Pirot, Novo Brdo, Novi Pazar, Smederevo, Vranje and Kosovo (Pristina, Prizren and Pec) In Belgrade the first census of Roma was made in 1536.

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